Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom Essay

Cost and Benefits of Inward Labour Migration to the United Kingdom - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the native population becomes hostile because they have to compete for the minimal jobs opportunities with the immigrants. In addition, an increase of immigrants leads to a restrained growth of labor cost. As for the current policy towards labor migration in the UK, it was noted that currently these police aim at discouraging labor migration to the UK, and so far the policies have been able to decrease the number of net migration to the UK. Firstly, Hatton and Tani defined immigration as the process of going to live in a foreign country permanently. Secondly, immigrants are persons who go to live permanently in a foreign country. It is of an essence to acknowledge that there are cases of illegal immigration in the United Kingdom and the European region at large, but this present study will mainly ignore the existence of illegal immigrants in the UK. Greenaway and Nelson stated that inward labor migration to the United Kingdom has been facilitated by global ization, which encourages the movement of labor from one region to another. In particular, as of 2010, immigrants in the UK made up ten percent of the entire UK population and currently, the number of international immigrants to the UK stands at 250,000. The Institute for Public Policy Research noted that the UK authorities try to control immigration into the country using a Point Based System that rationalizes the control of immigration. The system has five tiers that include highly qualified personnel, skilled personnel with job offers in the UK, students, and temporary employees. However, the tier for less qualified personnel was recently suspended. It is crucial to note that immigrants are motivated to migrate to foreign countries mainly because of prospects or possibilities of getting high paying jobs, and favorable tax and welfare systems in the foreign countries. Secondly, immigrants are motivated to migrate into foreign countries because of non-financial reasons that include better living standards in the foreign country, opportunities to study in the foreign countries, or an opportunity to rejoin other family members residing in the foreign countries

E-business and e-commerce web applications Essay Example for Free

E-business and e-commerce web applications Essay Identify e-business and e-commerce web applications to support the proposed implementation First off e-commerce is one of the best things for business whether you have your whole business through the web or partly. If you have a physical store, you are limited by the area that you can sell your product or offer service. An ecommerce website opens your business to the world. In addition to these two drivers,online retail is also driven by traffic from search engines. One of the most important positives of ecommerce is the lowered cost. A part of these lowered costs could be passed on to customers in the form of discounted prices. Advertising and marketing is global and you get a better buying market. For personnel use the automation of checkout, billing, payments, inventory management, and other operational processes, lowers the number of employees required to run an ecommerce setup. Last but not least Real estate, the store does not need a prominent physical location. you can Locate the Product Quicker, eliminate travel time and cost, provide comparison shopping, also cross reference deals, bargains, coupons, and group buying.if you do open a e-business vulnerabilities that need to be taken into account if you decide to create an e-commerce site is security internal and external. Hackers attempting to steal customer information or disrupt the site or server containing customer information that is stolen. Also Imposters can mirror your ecommerce site to steal customers money. authorized administrators/users of an ecommerce website downloading hidden active content need to watch the attacks on ecommerce system. Scans should be frequently done on your server. this will help identify any malicious programs that may be running worms, viruses or Trojan horses. Limited user access will ensure that you know exactly who has access to your ecommerce system and assign each user with unique access authentication method.

Service: The Main Essence Of Hospitality

Service: The Main Essence Of Hospitality Service is the main essence of Hospitality .Guest service means being attentive to the guest request and needs. Good quality service is the main essence to run a good hotel and it can achieve by creating such a environment for the guest that should give feeling of Home away from home. Guest should feel comfortable and relaxed while staying in the hotel. Every guest should be handled as special customer which help in making good relation with the guest. It does not matter how good is the ambience, how tasty the food is, its always the service and attentiveness which guest experiences which determines their return in the hotel. Hospitality is known for its generously providing kindness and care, who is in need. Knowing what exactly the customer expects is the first and most important step in delivering good quality service.You cannot give quality service without knowing customer expectations. Hotels or inns are believed to have started around 12000 years ago.Traveling concept started in Greece and ancient Rome in 800BC-146BC.Early warriors and traders were the travelers.In thosedays accommodation means offering a cot or a bench in corner of a room or astable, most of them were private residences that used to give temporary residence or give loading to strangers.In the Dark Ages travelers had little choice except to stay in monasteries that offered food and shelter.The idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹hosting travelers was taken even further when trade and commerce began to boom, prompting taverns and inns to arise, especially in ports cities. That time sanitation and privacy was not in exist.When money came in establishment in 6th century BC, hospitality was one of the first enterprises where money was exchanges for receiving service.Inthose days Hotels or inns not used to operate for 24 hours, after a certain hour the main door of residence would close andafte r that one cannot enter although you are a customer. These Residences or inns were generally situated near intersection of two major roads or near railway station or at the entry of a city. Since then Hospitality industry has grown into a highly competitive industry (WelingkarI., 2011). Hospitality now just not about getting from point A to point B,its about how you go to your destination forwarded by how much you enjoyed your stay. Tourism plays an important role in the growth of throughout the hospitality industry because people will never stop traveling and while traveling they always require a place to stay. Intelligent commercial planners have realized the industries potential and are taking advantage of the same by providing all the wants and needs of potential guests. Hotel operators are radically changing the service manner in which they provide food,drinks,and accommodation within the organization,the main reason for doing so is that hospitality industry is movingvery promptly. Customers are varying, technology and markets are changing rapidly.Managers are reexamining their existing service offering and deciding which innovation will create more value.Managers are researching on innovation, which are economically sustainable to the organization but also delivering additional value to their customers. Each year Market Metrix evaluates industry best practices and publishes Hospitality Trends and Opportunities. One important trend is to focus on is Personalization and it is impacting customer engagement and loyalty for hospitality companies.(Merchant, 2011) Hotel industry has changed a lot compared to recent years and is changing continuously. Numbers of changes are coming in way to give service to guest. New applications are coming in the market that is helping in providing better customer service.They make a big difference in terms of winning new businesses and new customers.Technologies continue evolving to make it as easy to use as possible for the hotels staff.In the past, the systems that hotel staff uses have been traditionally designed and required a great deal of training in order to be used successfully.Hotel technology will continue to evolve and improve so that training is minimized and the type of training that the hotels can concentrate on will be on hospitality-oriented, customer facing services.The main emphasis is on how to treat the guests, not how to deal with computer systems. Service innovation not only involves new ideas or new technology but modifying and renovating existing ideas by new and unique thinking.The main objective of innovation is to improve operations, guest service and revenues. However, Hotel industry is one of the oldest industries so it is not easy to innovate in industry with traditional methods. Service science gives us a good chance to innovate services in a new day. As a growing industry, hotel industry includes all types of accommodations from 5 star luxurious properties to youth hostels, which offers a variety of services including but not limited to food, beverage, laundry and valet services. Servqual and TQM-Total quality management are the two widely used concepts within service industries to understand the perceptions of target customers regarding their service needs. And to provide ameasurement of the service quality of the organization.Servqual is an empirically derived method that may be used by a services organization toimprove service quality.The method involves the development of an understanding of the perceived service needs of target customers.These measured perceptions of service quality for the organization in question, are then compared against an organization that is excellent.The resulting gap analysis is used as a driver for service quality improvement(lalvanzonline,2011).TQM processes are mainly divided into four general categories: plan, do, check, and act also called as PDCA cycle. In the planning ,people define the problem to be addressed, collect relevant data, and ascertain the problems root cause; in the doing phase, people develop and implement a solution, and decide upon a measurement to gauge its effectiveness; in the checking phase, people confirm the results through before-and-after data comparison; in the acting phase, people document their results, inform others about process changes, and make recommendations for the problem to be addressed in the next PDCA cycle (Margaret Rouse,2005) The boutique hotel is an excellent example of innovation offering in hospitality industry. A boutique hotel is one that is generally not chain-affiliated, features an intimate, stylish appearance and provides impeccable amenities(Cathy Rogers,2011). The target market for most boutique hotels is the 25-55 age range, most within the middle to upper income level.These hotels are generally situated in a stylish location .The goal for a boutique hotel is a level of personalized service not necessarily doable in a larger hotel. At many boutique hotels, the staff knows each guest by their name. Most offer 24-hour guest services. Some offer the comforts of canopy beds, bathrobes and fireplaces in the lobby. Others offer healthy food choices, mind and body themes and on-site bookstores.As a boutique hotel varies in other features, so does its technological amenities. While some offer the latest in technology, others focus on a calm, soothing environment. To some patrons, the bed and breakfast concept may be similar to that of the boutique hotel. Many boutique hotels have on-site, reputable dining, as well as bar and lounge areas that are also open to the public. As the trend continues to grow, many hotels market themselves as boutique; most being small, luxury type hotels worldwide. Eva Floor is also a new concept which has started in India, by The ITC group, called Eva Floor which means a floor only for ladies travelers. Seven hotels have currently been outfitted with the Eva Floors.The main concept to come up with such idea is to provide maximum safety and security to ladies travellers. Amenities on the Eva floors include extra security in the form of double latches, special floor access cards, all-women staff and a separate check-in counter. Women like pretty colors, hate harsh lighting, are prone to lay around a lot, and spend most of the time in the bathrooms, the rooms are decorated in soft pastels, have special lighting, separate day beds for an afternoon nap, larger counters for cosmetics, high-end toiletries, silk robes and bathroom slippers, more powerful hair dryers, and ironing boards (Juliana, 2005). A good and important invention in Hotel services is the use of Information Technology. IT innovation are beneficial and have future benefits for Hotels.IT is playing a very important role in hospitality industry.Technology powers and contributes to the growth to practically every industry in the present age. Hotel industry too isnt insulated from its effects. Many new technologies have invented to run the system smooth and flexible. IT has minimized the human efforts in many levels. Some of the good examples of IT innovations includes Express check In/Check Out, , internet check in/check outs, wake up system , electronic door locks ,in-room pay-per-view, electronic safe guards, express check-in/out systems, CD/Dvd Players, voice mails, multiple phone lines,electronic mini bars. Technology powers and contributes to the growth to practically every industry in the present age. Hotel industry too isnt insulated from its effects. Many new technologies have invented to run the system smoot h and flexible. Now, with the invention of the internet and other electronic channels, new media offers an avenue for hospitality companies to gain an advantage. At one time travel agents were almost controlled the hospitality industry. They were largely responsible for creating guests travel plans and offering specified rates. While large chains and big time destinations can afford traditional marketing channels, smaller, independent entities can gain an advantage through new hospitality concepts. Companies such as Expedia, Tripadvisor, and TravelCLICK help level the playing field and empower the host as well as the traveler more than ever before in the history of the hospitality industry. Globallypeople are working overtime to take advantage internet, in order to catalyze their sales and to improve customer relations.Internet is playing a key role in development of hotel industry today. Social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter etc. are interestingly playing a dominant role in strategies of h otels all over. User generated feedbacks and reviews on such websites play a huge role in popularizing the services of hotels by word of mouth. Further, it also becomes easier to stay in touch with and maintain relationships with ex-clients by making use of online tools. The number of travelers booking and researching online is growing impressively. According to one research, more than 114 million people will research travel online this year, while 94 million will actually book reservations. While more than 50 percent of travel bookings are made on the Internet, the online travel market has matured and expects modest growth and stabilization. More and more travelers are using their mobile devices to not only research lodging and travel options, but to book and communicate room preferences directly with the hotel. Mobile channel booking has increased four times between 2008 and 2010 according to Forrester Research. Google is projecting that mobile will overtake PCs as the most common Web-access device by 2013. With travelers adopting smartphones and tablets at such a rapid pace, its crucial for hoteliers to optimize their website for mobile usage to capture potential mobile transactions(RobertRauch,2011). About a decade ago, hotel industry was much more concern on people who are now mostly in their 50s and 60s but now hotel industry has started to anticipate a group of travelers who are in their 20s to mid-30s and are very important for economic growth. They are more attracted towards technology, social media and design. Many hotels are renovating their existing hotels or introducing new ones with free hotel wide Wi-Fi connections, large welcoming lobbies with modern age ambience, comfortable fittings, state-of-the-art fitness areas; in-room power consoles to plug in iPads, laptops and other devices; and stylish bar. Some are also coming up with night social events, like happy hours and free wine tastings, aimed at attracting smartphone generation to their hotels . The changes involves higher-quality beds, brighter lighting and bigger work spaces. And those travelers were loyal to brands that offered reliable, comfortable services. Wi-Fi service is not only demanded but expected. Hig h-speed Internet is as essential as beds and towels (Janet Morrissey, 2012).Younger travelers tend to visit three or four different restaurants and bars a night, so hotels are opening up multiple bars and lounges with different themes at different times of the day to attract new crowd . Many many new concepts are which offers free daily events, including tea tastings, yoga sessions and wine tastings etc.(Stowe Boyd, 2011). The Arrabelle at Vail Square is implementing IntelityICE (Interactive Customer Experience) mobile technology for guests to use on Android, Apple smartphones and tablets. The Arrabelles traditional amenities, from in-room fireplaces to snuggly robes, will be complemented by the arrival of the most innovative, modern in-room technology available.After simply downloading the ICE app, all of the hotels services can be accessed directly from the palm of a guests hand. At the touch of a finger, guests can make a housekeeping request or look up information about the hotel and local attractions. They can also conveniently view signature dishes, like Executive Chef Douglas Dodds lobster mac and cheese, available at Vails hot new food and drink spot, Tavern on the Square (Hospitality Technology, 2011). Breadcrumb, an easy-to-use, powerful and affordable iPad point-of-sale (POS) system helps hotels to run their restaurants, bars and cafes more effectively. Breadcrumb combines intuitive and sophisticated software with outstanding support. Breadcrumb removes the complexities, frustrations and high costs common to legacy POS solutions. Breadcrumb streamlines all activity at local restaurants, cafes and bars, from taking and placing orders, to table management, payment processing and analyzing sales so merchants can learn about and improve their businesses.Servers can search for menu items or rearrange tables with a finger swipe, software updates are free and automatic, and we even ship new customers an all-in-one Breadbox that contains all hardware required to get started.Everything a restaurant or bar needs to operate more efficiently and deliver impeccable customer service. Breadcrumb has a full range of features that allows hospitality businesses to manage labor, take orders, proces s payments and analyze performance. Users can merge or split checks, add or adjust menu items, set employee access levels, view real-time sales and labor reports and more. The Plaza, the landmark New York City hotel located on Central Park South,have taken hotel lodging to a whole new, high tech level began by offering iPads in each of its guests rooms.The first hotel in the world to provide not only a tablet for each guest room, but a tablet with Intelitys ICE (Interactive Customer Experience) software to offer guests services and room controls.These iPads gives the abilities to guests to control hotel services and customizable content.These iPads are incorporated with the functions like to check flights, order room service, make dinner reservations, coordinate transportation, reach the concierge, request wake-up calls, explore destination guides and call a housekeeper (Katie Kindelan, 2011).Intelity has released the highlights of a two-year study of guestroom iPad usage. The first such study conducted using data from actual hotel guest usage.The study showed that 82% of guests used the tablet during their stays on a year-round basis. April had the hi ghest average guest usage at 91% (Hotel Technology, 2012). The industrys concern towards security has increased impressively due to severalterrorist attacks worldwide in recent years, and also because of the tourists kidnappings, robberies and assaults.Security of all types of hospitality and tourismoperations is critical and plans should bemade for each kind of threat.Personal safety of guests is the first priority (Walker, 2010). Increased security measures have forced hotel industry to upgraded their security measures by investingmillions of dollars in order to give the topmost security to the guests (Hall etal, 2003). Who Am I Now? Reflective Education Essay Who Am I Now? Reflective Education Essay My name is Muhammad Razin bin Amir Hamzah and I used to be called as Razin. I am 21 years old. Currently, I am furthering my study in Bachelor of Science in Computing under University of Wales, United Kingdom. Now, I am in the second year. There is only one year to go for me to complete my study. I enrolled in this course to fulfill my aspiration towards becoming the next Steve Job, the Chief Executive Officer of Apple Incorporation. It took 21 years to create where I am today. Within these years I worked hard to get where I am right now. The best way to know where am I now is by looking into my strengths and weaknesses. I have analysed, evaluated, and looked deep inside myself to determine the weaknesses and strengths of my true character. Positive attitude and patience are the two important strengths that I have built in me. These two characteristics have contributes to my career, my learning and almost everything in my personal life. On the other hand, the two aspects of myself that I need to improve are my organization skills and my public speaking skills. Having positive attitude is vital. This leads to a motivated learning team, a comfortable working environment, and a happy personal life. It is hard to find a scenario in which a person with positive attitude and full of compliments to be scolded. No negative or bad attitudes make my personal life great. I socialized with my family with happy and respectful thoughts which motivate them to share their happiness with me and others. My attitude keeps people around me in a good mood. This personal characteristic of mine allows me to manage the tense situations during my study sessions, especially when I have to answer assignment questions and submit them before the due date. Being positively motivated, I encourage others to be compliant and respectful. Positive attitude will be beneficial in my learning team because it will promote teamwork and friendship. I think a happy and friendly team will be more productive than a team that always argues and disagrees. My second strength is patience. We will feel comfortable when we speak to someone who is patient. People with patience do not interrupt others, instead they listen and try to be helpful. In my personal life, I have an autistic nephew who needs people with a lot of patience. Being bossy, angry, and snappy will only make me hard to handle him. I have to talk slowly and repeat my words several times so that he will understand me. In my study environment, it is also imperative that I have patience. I have to deal with tough and difficult assignment questions. Each question has its own degree of difficulties. Thus, I need to conquer each of the questions with my best answer and support it with reasonable evidence. I have to patiently search for the articles on the respective topics and provide my best answer to ensure that I get good results in my study. In addition, patience is a must when participating in a team environment. When many people get together in a team, things often progress very fast. However, sometimes things get sloppy or get misunderstood. With patience, I can maintain consistency and accurateness within an organization. Having described my strengths, I must now turn to reveal my weaknesses. I must say that I am not a superhuman or a perfect person. My weaknesses often frustrate and challenge me, but my positive attitude forces me to correct my weaknesses and win over them. My first weakness, I must admit, is public speaking. I get very nervous. The sign is my hands get clammy and begins to sweat. Droplets of water appear on my face and I mumble my words when I start to speak in front of large group of people. This problem neither gives a huge impact in my personal life nor affects my on-line learning team, but it does affect my daily duties at college. I speak with others in college, especially with my friends, regarding general knowledge and current issues. I am told that my nervousness does not show, but before and during every speech I feel my hands shake, my feet get clammy, and my face starts to sweat. Over the years, I have fought this battle of public speaking by doing many things. First, I h ave completed a college level English class. Second, I completed a college level speech class. Recently, I took an English tuition class to enhance my communication skill and widen my English vocabulary. My second blind spot that I must admit is my lack of organization skill. I organize my assignment papers by tossing them on my study desk. Thus, I will avoid looking at them. It is hard for me to find my belongings especially in my study room because of my unorganized attitudes. When the assignment season arrives, it will be a disaster for me. I often lose my important notes and my framework papers. These matters has made me spend twice the actual time needed to accomplish my task. I lose valuable times for this reason, whereas I could have used those precious times together with my family. Besides that, this will seriously affect my learning team. Before it gets much more severe, I have to improve my deportment and be a better organised person. I will not frighten up myself when I see papers containing college assignments. What I need to help me overcome my problem are a desk together with filing cabinets and a day planner calendar. The fears of obtaining a bad result in my diploma level made me realize that organization skill is crucial to succeed in life, especially in my study. WHAT DO I WANT TO ACCOMPLISH? My short term goal is to finish my undergraduate program with a first class honours. In other words, I want to complete my study with flying colours. This is because the only commitment that I have now is being a full time student. So, my part is just to concentrate on my studies and struggle hard to achieve my ambition towards becoming the Information Technology lecturer. By building up a good academic base, I can hunt the job I wanted very fast without any resistance. Besides, by achieving good results, I will be exempted from paying back Perbadanan Tabung Pendidikan Tinggi Nasional (PTPTN) loan. This will surely reduce my family burden to settle off my carried loan. My long term goal is that I will be counted among successful lecturer. I do often ask myself, what a better job would be than to be a lecturer. The answer is none. I believe that the ability to change and improve the world to be a better place for people to live starts from the effort and idea given by the educator. So, it will be my huge contribution to the society. I set high objectives for me as an educator and put a very great effort to accomplish my goals. I began to realize that awesome teachers have their own distinctive skills which I need to learn. Following their examples can make me become someone in the society. To be good at elucidating the contents of a subject, to be firm and patient towards students, to be always fair to students, to set high and realistic expectations, to have the skills to advice and motivate others are some of the indicators that are needed to become a great teacher. A great teacher will explain questions asked by their students and make them fully understand, and not let their students walk away in doubt. Brainstorming will be the best tool used by extraordinary teachers to convey particular lesson plan if their student did not understand. He or she would think, How am I going to explain this particular concept to my student and they need to understand clearly what I am teaching? This is the type of teacher I intend to be. Ability to inspire others is not just a gift or an opportunity but its a challenge. Currently, we can see that there are thousands of educators still with their old mind-set and do not like to accept this challenge. This serious matter need to be changed. Nowadays, students are being forced to school. Most of the time, students will think that learning is not their main priority but teaching is a teachers job. Students always learn but they may not be interested with the lesson taught by their teacher. An excellent teacher is not just an expert in his or her field, but he or she must be aware of the current issues and prepare himself or herself to teach something else. Some things can prove to be more valuable than knowledge itself, which are morals and character. I want to inspire the children who will represent the future of our great nation. In life, I tried to make many spectacular teachers that have taught me to be my role models. From the characteristic listed, I intend to grab them to become an excellent teacher. HOW DO I ACHIEVE IT? During my undergraduate program, I took a Computer Science course. This will help me to dual master myself, in Information Technology and in teaching. Most of the minor classes that I enrolled were communication and psychology, which would help me in my career as a teacher. Other than that, I also taught in a private tuition centres as my part-time job. During that time, I spent considerable amount of time observing classrooms. With strong education background and wide range of experience which I gained in the classroom, I realize that teaching will be the most suitable career for me. Meanwhile, I work as a personal Information Technology consultant for Smart Academic Management for about two years. This company was doing motivation work for universitie and college students. During this period of time, I am polishing my programming skills. Sometimes, I was given the opportunity to enrol in motivation programmes together with students. This exposes me to different range of human behav iours and life backgrounds especially those involving youngsters. Other than that, I do read a lot of articles regarding teaching methodology, student behaviour, and psychology. There are around 19 encyclopaedias in my book rack regarding software development and psychology. I often make my readings at night after performing my night prayers. I will make my own mind map to make me understand more and to get clear picture about the contents of books that I read. I do virtually contact my foreign friends via internet. This will help me keep in touch with their education line in Australia and Russia. Now, I need to start planning where to open my own private learning centre and how to enhance my marketing strategies. WHAT MIGHT STOP ME? I believe that, the time I set my goal there will be the obstacles to stop me achieving it. The most common barrier to reaching my potential is my mind-set, that is, what and how I think about myself and what I wish to achieve. I limit myself by the negative thoughts that I think and I may say. If I think and believe that I cannot accomplish something, then that will come true and I will fail. However, when I think that I can accomplish a task, or overcome a situation and I put in the effort, my future will turn bright. I will only succeed when I start to take control and action to change my destiny towards the goal rather than leave it to fate. Some people said that they have done some work and failed in their first trial. Thus they have not continued working on it anymore. This is just an irrelevant excuse. The solution for this is to reset our mind-set to believe in ourselves and achieve our goal in any way possible. Having failed in the past, does not mean that I will fail again and again for the rest of my life. I should think of things that happened in past in terms of what I can learn from them; seeing all the pass experience as feedback rather than as failure. I should think in this way Yesterday mining is for todays goal. The failure in my past will make me more matured. The past will be beneficial as I can learn from my mistakes. The only thing I can do about my past is to learn from it because the past is over and I cannot change them. Thinking negatively can really stop me from reaching my potential. Negative influences are always around us. Mass media such as radio and idiot box may pass some inappropriate message that can predispose our mind-set. Sometimes I do get negative feedback from family members and friends who are trapped in a negative mind-set. They believe that they are helping me by being realistic but it is not helping at all. The best solution is that I should make myself surrounded by positive minded people, people who work hard to a chieve their goals. Having positive support is vital. On the other hand, another obstacle that stops me from reaching my potential from being successful is inadequate of plan. Too many people including myself walk through their life simply by taking what is handed to them. The decision made by others will be the decision for themselves. I seldom make my duty plan for the weeks or months ahead. It is so essential that I take some time to start setting up my goals. During the process I can find out how to accomplish those aims, and make suitable timeline for me to have it done. This vital process is often neglected. To set goals starts with listing out what am I going to accomplish. They are those people who set their goal just to float along without any attention to better their situation. There is also people who have goals but they are unfamiliar with the correct way and proper plan to make their goal come true. I think I can be categorised under this type of person.

Essay --

Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250. Essay -- Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250.

Calorie Intake

My calorie intake for the three days isn't appropriate. I documented each item I ate, surprisingly it wasn't as high as I imagined it to be. I thought it would be a lot higher because I don't watch what I eat Eke I should. My calorie intake should be about 2000 and it was around 2869 on day 1. Even though I went over 869 calories each calorie can affect the body. Calories will affect weight, health, and energy levels. If a person eats more than they burn they gain weight. Same If someone burns more than they eat they will lose wait.Just as If someone eats as much as they burn then they eat the weight will remain the same. If someone calorie intakes too low it may cause reduced muscle mass (Calorie Explained). If there are no food energy sources to keep the vital organs functioning it uses the muscle mass for energy, so it will make the person feel sluggish and tired. A high calorie diet puts stress on the body. It can increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and length of life. As I mentioned earlier about muscle mass the body mass Index or IBM allows anyone to figure out their body mass according to their weight and height (Merriam Webster).My IBM is 17. 5(Calculate Body Mass index). It is considered underweight, but I am still healthy a small frame runs in my family. However if it wasn't hereditary I would try to find way to boost my IBM to a normal range of 18. 5. B. The DIR for each nutrient over the three days that I record what I ate†¦.. The DIR for carbohydrates was 130, It was being 75 and 300 percent. The DIR for fiber was 25, and was between 75 and 300 percent. Linoleum Acids DIR was 12 and It was less than 75%. To increase my DIR I would try to eat chicken or pizza. Cholesterol was 30 and the percent was less than 75%.TO increase cholesterol DIR I would try and eat more eggs or sausage. Calcium is 1000 and it was between 75 and 300 percent. Sodium was 1500 and less than 75%. To help increase my sodium intake I would try to eat bacon In the morning or cheese as a snack. Copper Is 900 and between 75 and 300 percent. Iron DIR Is 18 and was between 75 and 300%. Magnesium Is 310 and between 75-300%. Selenium Is 55 and less than 75%. To Increase selenium I could eat more whole grains or eat more fish. Zinc is 8 and less than 75%. To help increase zinc I could eat more spinach or prop. Vitamin A is 700 and between 75-300%. 6 is 1. And less than 75%. 812 is 2. 4 is less than 75%. Eating bananas or lean pork would help increase 8†³Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ DIR. Vitamin C Is 75 is less than 75%. I could try to eat more strawberries and oranges to raise Valiant C DIR. Vitamin D Is 25 and between 75 and 300%. Vitamin E Is 15 and between 75 and 300%. Vitamin K Is 90 Is less than 75%. Trying to eat more beans and strawberries to increase DIR of Vitamin K. Foliate is 400 and is between 75 and 300%. Thiamin is 1. 1 and less than 75%. Eating more bread and nuts can increase DIR. Niacin is 14 and less than 75%. I can eat more chicken and peanuts to increase level.Cooling is 425 and is between 75-300%. Potassium is 4700 and over 300%. If your body has to much potassium It can lead to hyperemia. Phosphorus was 700 and over 300%. Too much LLC. Some changes in my diet that I could make would be choosing something more healthy as a substitute for the unhealthy item. Instead of ranch and butter on a bake potato I could pass on that and Just eat the bake potato as is. Also, before I throw mayo. On a slice of bread try to replace it with mustard. My intake of saturated fat was 1 1. 67% which is a little high. Considering it should be around or less than 10% of total calories.If it was much higher than that it would be a concern of mine because trans/saturated fat is considered the worst type of fat by some doctors. This type so fat will raise the â€Å"bad† cholesterol, OLD, and lower the good cholesterol, HAD, in your body. A combination of the two cholesterol being altered can increase many health risk such as heart disease. 2. With that being said I can take steps in the right direction to make more healthy choices and have a healthier life style. I could switch from red meat to strictly sea food. I would eliminate things such as steak from my diet, to lower cholesterol, that would lead too serious of problems.One problem resulting from a lot of red meat in the diet and the level of cholesterol being raised would be heart disease. Another problem with red meat is it is linked to colon cancer (Dry. Sears). A change I could make other than red meat would be to take more vitamins to insure I get the recommended amount for each vitamin. I don't drink a lot of milk so I don't get the vitamin D I should. Taking a vitamin D pill or putting milk would help so later on in life I don't develop osteoporosis or something of that nature. The hardest of changes for me would be not to cook in or eat foods that have been cooked in oil.

Angry Birds Physics Lab Essays

Angry Birds Physics Lab Essays Angry Birds Physics Lab Paper Angry Birds Physics Lab Paper Kyle Brooks 11/13/12 Angry Birds Projectile Motion Lab How to Perfect Distances Of Birds using Launching Angles Purpose: The Purpose of this Lab is to discover which launch angles give the birds the longest and shortest time in flight. Hypothesis: I believe that the bird will launch the farthest at the 45 degree angle because that’s exactly half of 90 degrees which will give it the maximum height in comparison to length. I also think that the bird will launch the shortest at 0 degrees because it will go a very short distance because it has such a steep launch angle. Apparatus: Materials: Angry Birds application Protractor to measure angles Level with no obstructions in the birds path (level 1) Red angry birds Procedure: 1. )Gather birds, launcher, other materials, and open up angry birds application. 2. )Launch birds at 0, 45, and 90 degrees (or your choice of angles to test) and record data. (Make sure the level is one that doesn’t obstruct the path of the birds and contains only red angry birds. Like level 1. ) 3. )Repeat step 2 3 times and record distances for each angle. . )Look at the qualitative data and come to a conclusion of which angle gives the bird that farthest distance and which the least. (Record distances. ) Variables: Controlled: Power birds are launched at (maximum), type of angry birds (red birds), level where test were done (level 1) Independent: Angle the angry birds are launched at Responding: Birds travel a certain distance based off the angle they are launched at. Data: Distance Traveled by Bird (Qualitative) Angle of Launch Trial0 degrees45 degrees90 degrees Slightly ForwardOut of the screenNearly to the Structure 2 Slightly ForwardOut of the screen2/3 to the Structure 3Slightly BackwardsOut of the screen? to the Structure 4No MovementOut of the screen2/3 to the Structure 5Slightly BackwardsOut of the screen? to the Structure Data Analysis: According to the previous data, the birds launched at 45 degrees went the farthest each time; they went out of the screen on all 5 trials. Birds launched at 0 degrees, on the other hand, barely moved at all and went the shortest distance. Picture of Data: x x xx y y yy y zzzz Key x=0 degrees y=90 degrees z=45 degrees =launch point for birds =the structure birds are aiming for Conclusion: The Question in this lab was which angle would result in the birds going the farthest and shortest distances? I hypothesized that the birds launched at 45 degrees at maximum power would go the farthest because this has the highest height to length ratio. After testing, 45 degrees turned out to help the birds travel the farthest while the birds traveled the shortest distance at 0 degrees. This proves that my hypothesis was correct and 45 degree angle does allow the angry bird to go the farthest distance. Since we had to use a protractor, the design of the experiment doesn’t do a great job of finding the best angle for launch because the level doesn’t tell you what exactly 45 degrees is or what exactly 30 degrees is. This means each test had close to the desired angle, but never the exact. The data has to be measured qualitatively because the application doesn’t give distances or angles. However, we still know that birds travel the farthest at 45 degrees because that is the optimal angle to launch at. Ways to improve this experiment include using an application that gives distances and exact angles to make the data more accurate and the chance to measure quanitativly, applying this experiment in real life to see how accurate the previous data is, and trying more angles to see what other angles work and don’t work for traveling far. To apply this to real life, a real slingshot would have to be made that could be shot at accurate angles and then measure the distance of the projectiles.

Roosevelt vs Wilson essays

Roosevelt vs Wilson essays Two great men, two great presidents, led our nations to excellency and great success. Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson were hard working, intelligent men who were very familiar, but were also different in many aspects. Through their dedication to our country and their passion of politics they have made our country better. There were many similarities between Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson. The special relationship with their fathers was a quality that the two men shared. Their dads were huge influences in their lives, they got a whole lot of their inspiration from their fathers. T.R.s dad passed early in his life, and even though he might not have been there physically, he was still with him. These two men had a special bond with their fathers, which a lot of people never acquire throughout their whole lives. Being so close with a father has helped both of these men succeed at their positions in life. Something else they shared was that they both unfortunately suffered the deaths of their first wifes. Teddy Roosevelts wife, Alice, died on the same day as his mother did. Woodrows wife, Ellen, also passed early on. Both men felt turmoil and despair in these passings, and both were actually depressed for sometime about these deaths. Although both men were affected very traumatically over their wives passings, they both eventually remarried and found that lifes filled with happiness. A third similarity between these two fine presidents would be their terrific speaking ability. Both men were absolutely terrific orators. They were passionate about the issues and got involved in all affairs. They were speakers who could motivate a crowd, everybody listened when Teddy or Woodrow spoke. Some presidents are the type to not really care all that much. And just have people write out speeches for them, but T.R. and Woodrow really cared about what th ...

Critique of Mental Health Publication †Psychology Research Paper

Critique of Mental Health Publication – Psychology Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The aim of this assignment is to critique a chosen piece of research from the field of mental health nursing, published within the last year. The assignment will be presented in two parts; part one will discuss the critique process and part two shall be a demonstration of the critique process through the critique of the chosen article. PART ONE One of the first tasks of critiquing a research article is to try to explain the performance and tasks that have taken place. Critiquing research involves a careful examination of all aspects of a study in order to judge its strengths, limitations, meaning and significance (Hek, 1996). The Royal College Of Nursing (RCN, 1993) suggests that for nurses to be able to expand their understanding and be able to make changes within their practice it is essential for nurses to have the skills of reviewing and evaluating research studies. Nursing is striving for evidence-based practice; this involves finding, critiquing and applying the evidence within the practice. Burns Grove (1999) explains that to enable one to move on to a practice based on empirical evidence it is essential to critique research. Although critique is linked to ‘criticize’ which is often viewed as negative, it is important to identify the research strengths as well as weaknesses as all studies have weaknesses. If all studies that had weaknesses were disregarded then there would be no evidence to use in future practice. Being able to recognise certain flaws in studies can enable the next study to become stronger. Parahoo ( ) explains that research papers are organised into sections which presents the key points from each section. Papers can be read by asking oneself a series of questions about each section this forms the critique process as follows: Title and abstract Is it of interest? Introduction Why was it done? Literature review – Is there one? Does it provide a biased or balanced perspective of the issue? Methods and ethical considerations How was it done? Was consent given? Data analysis What has it found? How are results presented? Discussion What are the implications? Conclusion and application to practice What else is of interest? The questions that go along with each section of the critique process lead towards an informed judgement on the meanings of the findings and their relevance for clinical practice. Research is critiqued to enable the individual to gain a wider understanding, identify evidence for use in practice and to provide a setting for conducting a study. Being able to critique a piece of literature effectively can enable the reader to have more understanding rather than seeking out help from others. This builds up confidence and knowledge. (Thomas, 1990) PART TWO TITLE The details or the vagueness within the title alone can decide whether the research document is read or not. (Parahoo ). Millward et al (2005) title ‘Depression and the perpetuation of an incapacitated identity as an inhibitor of return to work’, may put people off reading it, as it sounded rather in-depth and can make the reader believe that the document itself would be like that also. Each of the authors’ profession and place of employment were shown with the title. ABSTRACT Researchers are aware of the fact that some people may only read the abstract, therefore, many researchers will provide readers with information usually about 100-200 words which is enough for them to decide if the study is of any interest to them (Parahoo ). Parahoo also suggests that the abstract should briefly state the problem to be studied, the design the setting, the population and its sample size, the methods used to collect the data and the main findings. Millward et al (2005) have written around 200 words with enough information for the reader to decide if the study is of any interest to them. The abstract was not titled however what was mentioned does generally meet the criteria, it discusses the problem to be studied, it also identifies design as a qualitative research using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The methods chosen to collect the data and the sample size are indicative of qualitative research (Crookes Davis 1999). The abstract summarizes the main points, it is easy to read and understand. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY The introduction may not alway be labelled ‘introduction’ and can also be included within the abstract (Polit, Beck Hungler 2001). For the purpose of this study Millward et al (2005) have chosen to keep the introduction separate. According to Burns Grove ( ) Heck (1996) a general introduction to the study should identify the research intent. A rational discussing the purpose and importance of the study to be researched should support this. The research problem has been identified according to Millward et al (2005)participated with an investigation process, which clearly encouraged an initiation of the research. The purpose of the study has been clearly identified and Millward et al (2005) provided a rationale for why they chose to carry out the study. Part of their information sources came within a press release from the Royal College of Psychiatrists document where Millward (senior lecturer), Lutte (trainee clinical psychologist), Purvis (research psychologist) are all linked with the source. The press release highlighted the financial cost of adult depression in the year 2000 but only within England. Previous research is discussed which supports the purpose and significance of the study. According to Cormack (2000) references of previous research should be used to support all aspects of the introduction, particularly the assertion by the researcher that there is a need for the subject to be researched. METHODOLOGY Millward et al (2005) have chosen a qualitative approach. Thompson Phil (1999) suggest that qualitative research methods aim to develop concepts that help one to understand social phenomena in natural surroundings, and not experimental settings indicative of quantitative research methods. The aim of a qualitative researcher is to explore people’s experiences, feelings and beliefs so that statements about how people interpret and structure their lives can be made (Holloway Wheeler 1996). The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach is used for this study and will provide an insight and understanding into the role played by illness in attitudes to recovery amongst people who have been diagnosed with clinical depression. IPA was chosen over the ‘Grounded Theory’ approach (Glaser Strauss 1967), as they did not want to develop their theory but to understand and explore how the participants understood their personal and social environment and what experiences and events meant for them. Nineteen participants aged 28-52 (6 males 13 females) were recruited through local advertising within Primary Health Care Centres. The ethical committee within the University of Surrey granted approval. All participants were given information sheets explaining the procedure. Before giving signed consent, participants were also advised that they were free to leave at any time. Pilot studies were done of the questions being asked to check the clarity of the language. Carrying out research has many ethical implications and nurses must ensure that patients’ rights and safety are considered at all times (International Council for Nurses,1996). Parahoo ( ) and Polit, Beck Hungler (2001) suggest that four ethical principles must be considered when participating in research: (1) the right not to be harmed, (2) the right to be fully informed on all aspects of the study, (3) the right to decide to take part or not (and the right to withdraw at any time), (4) the right to privacy, anonymity and confidentiality, Parahoo ( ) highlights that it will affect the outcome of the data if confidentiality and anonymity are not guaranteed. The most common forms of collecting qualitative data are participant observation and in-depth interviewing (Kenworth, Snowley Gilling 2004). The nature of collecting data in Millward et al`s (2005) study is to seek to promote the understanding of the individuals’ perceptions. A semi-structured interview was used with the same researcher to ensure consistency, all interviews were audio taped with consent and lasted between 20 60 minutes. However there was no mention of what questions were asked. In conjunction with Burnard (1991) theoretical framework, the reliability of Millward et al (2005) has been enhanced by audio taping the interviews. Using semi-structured interviews in a study enables the interviewer to be guided by the participant who should be encouraged to talk freely, even though the interviewer may have certain points to cover. (Parahoo ). Although Millward et al (2005) has only provided a small amount of information of their data collection and fail to provide information concerning what questions were asked, the tools that were used to collect the data were appropriate for the study. Parahoo ( ) states that the methodology should clearly identify the research design used, the chosen sample size and selection, the research tools used and the ways of collecting and analysing the data. DATA ANALYSIS Parahoo explains that with a qualitative research, commences during the process of data collection. While the researcher processes the information patterns are then looked for during the interview or observation and then select a theme to follow. The data analysis continues throughout the interviews and also once data is collected. Two researchers independently undertook the analysis and checked and re-checked with each other for emergent themes. Millward et al’s written presentation of the results is clearly understood in straightforward, objective, well-organised understandable language. The results were set out in the form of five sub-themes, which provide in-depth discussions that have been identified using the coding system mentioned in Burnards theoretical framework (1991). Each theme has been supported with narrative objective accounts from the participants about their thoughts and feelings on returning to work although being diagnosed with clinical depression. According to Hek (1996) the use of direct quotes can be a powerful factor when presenting depth and recognition of individual experiences, which has been achieved by Millward et al (2005). The presentation of the identified themes highlighted participants thoughts and feelings concerning the ‘sick role’. Those who were becoming ‘well’ preferred to move away from the ‘sick role’ and opted to be ‘recovering’, which highlighted new hope. It is also believed that prescribed medication should be seen as a ‘tool’ to assist with the recovery process rather than a reinforcement of illness identity, or a reason for the ‘sick-role’. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Millward et al (2005) present the negative and the positive issues that the participants raised concerning the ‘sick role’ and returning to work. Parahoo ( ) states that it is of great importance that the results and the significance of the study are discussed, whether positive or negative. This confirms the statement made earlier, that participants being interviewed using a semi-structured technique should be encouraged to talk freely. Millward et al (2005) have included when appropriate, recommendations for further study, they also pointed out limitations concerning many of those who were off work and were recruited for the research were actually recruited from the same day centre on the same day. It was also highlighted to consider that these participants who came forward may have actually been feeling better, thus indicating that they may not have on a whole represented the full range of the illness spectrum. REFERENCE LIST Burnard, P. (1991). A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research. Nurse Education Today. 11, p461-466. Burns, N., Grove, K. S. ( ). Understanding Nursing Research. Crookes, A., Davis, S. (1999). Research into Practice. London: Bailliere Tindall. Cormack, D. (2000). The Research Process in Nursing. (4th ed.). Great Britain: Blackwell Science Ltd. Glaser, B., Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of Grounded Theory. Aldine Publishing. Chicago. Hek, G. (1996). Guidelines on conducting a critical research report. Nursing Standard. 11, 6, p40-43. Hewitt-Taylor,J. (2001). Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research. Nursing Standard. 15, 52, p39-42. Holloway, I. M., Wheeler, S. (1996). Quantitative research for nurses. Edinburgh: Blackwell Science. Kenworthy, N., Snowley, G., Gilling, C. ( ). Common Foundation Studies in Nursing. ( ed.). London: Churchill Livingstone. Parahoo, K. ( ). Nursing Research: Principles, Process and Issues. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. Polit, D.., Beck, C.T., Hungler, B. P. (2001). Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal and Utilization. (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott. Thomas, B, S., (1990). Nursing Research: An Experimental Approach. St Louis: CV Mosby. 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Airline Aviation Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Airline Aviation Safety - Essay Example To see an airplane fly was indeed unique to actually fly an airplane was a daring feat. The early pioneers did not take it lightly, for to do so meant flirting with death in these fragile unstable craft. Thus, the earliest aviation was restricted to relatively straight and level flight and fairly level turns. The flights were performed under visual conditions in places carefully selected for elevation, clear surroundings, and certain breeze advantages to get the craft into the air sooner and land at the slowest possible ground speed. The greatest problems with early flight were the reliability of the propulsion system and the strength and stability of the airframe. Many accidents and some fatalities occurred because of the structural failure of an airplane component or the failure of the engine to continue to produce power. Although human factors were not identified as a scientific discipline at this time, there were serious human factors problems in the early stages of flight. The protection of the pilot from the elements, as he sat out in his chair facing them head on, was merely a transfer of technology from bicycles and automobiles. The pilots wore goggles, topcoats, and gloves similar to those used when driving the automobiles of that period. Crash Of Valujet Flight 592: A Case Study Of Human Errors On the morning after the crash of ValuJet Flight 592, United States Secretary of Transportation Federico Pena appeared on television to re-affirm the safety of flying on ValuJet: "I've flown ValuJet. ValuJet is a safe airline, as is our entire aviation system" (Navarro, 1996, p. A1). Pena also added a strong endorsement for ValuJet's management team: "Whenever we have found any issues, ValuJet has been responsive, they have been cooperative, they have in some cases even exceeded the safety standards that we have" (Navarro, 1996, p. A1). Senior Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officer David Hinson echoed Pena's sentiments about the safety of flying ValuJet. Three days later, a preliminary inquiry by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) concluded that oxygen canisters being shipped in the cargo hold ignited a fire that brought the plane down shortly after its take off (Wald, 1996a, p. A1). Vincent, Crow, and Davis (1997) contend that an airline crash provides a compelling and visually powerful news story. Vincent et al. maintain that "the events which surround air crashes are inherently dramatic, involving life and death situations, heroic actions, fatal and fateful decisions, and unforgettable visual images" (p. 354). Part of the appeal of a crash occurs because it involves ordinary people. Part of the appeal of a crash occurs because of the very randomness of the act, and the potential for a similar random act to affect millions of other air travelers. Vincent et al. perceive an airline crash to constitute a rich text with three overarching story lines: (1) "The tragic intervention of fate into everyday life" (2) "The mystery of what caused the crash" and (3) "The work of legitimate authority to restore normalcy" (p. 357). In the case of ValuJet Flight 592, these themes were altered slightly by the recurrent

Johnny Cash Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Johnny Cash - Essay Example Partly of Indian descent, Johnny Cash was born in Kingsland, Arkansas on 26 February 1932 into the family of a poor sharecropper, Ray Cash. Little Johnny was raised in a shotgun shack in Arkansas’s cotton zone. The Cash family eked out a hand-to-mouth existence supported by working long hours at farming cotton. Johnny joined the family occupations from the age of five. His first exposure to music came when singing along with his family as they worked in the fields during the day and sang hymns on the porch at night. After working hard during the day, Johnny liked to listen to the radio at night. The country songs aired on the radio inspired him to write his own songs, and he started doing this at the age of twelve. While at school, Johnny once sang on the Arkansas radio station KLCN. His mother Reba encouraged him to write songs, and also taught him how to play the guitar. In later life, his singing career began when he auditioned with Sun Records and its owner Sam Phillips.T

Are some ways of knowing more likely than others to lead to truth Essay

Are some ways of knowing more likely than others to lead to truth - Essay Example However, the following definition of knowledge can be taken for our current consideration. Information or data that is gathered by any one or any thing, using the ways of knowing can be construed as knowledge. Knowledge has to be known to become knowledge. Therefore, knowing is an important activity or part of the knowledge. For our current consideration, this may be taken as the definition of what knowledge is. The above definition of knowledge brings into focus the ways of knowledge. What is 'knowing' and what are the ways of knowing Knowing is to gather information or data about something of interest to a person or object. Webster's English dictionary defines the word 'knowing' as: Possessing information may be special on any specific subject or object. This also places the word 'know' under question. 'Know' is to have some idea or information on a specific subject or object of interest. If this is to, how can a person 'know' about something Knowing then is what one can gather information or data about. One can know about the object of interest in the following ways: A person might gather information or 'know' about an object or a person using any of these methods. These therefore, are the ways of knowing and hence the ways to get the knowledge that one would like to possess. In addition, knowledge is accepted as knowledge by subjecting it to the knowledge tests, viz., coherence, correspondence, pragmatism and consensus. If the knowledge when subjected to any of these tests comes out successfully, then the same may be considered as knowledge. Similarly, there are nine justifications for the knowledge. These are the ones that help in bringing about or reasons for having knowledge. These include logic, sensory perception, revelation, faith, memory, consensus, authority, intuition and self-awareness make up the nine justifications of knowledge. Perception Perception of an object would depend on every individuals thought and action. The state of mind also alters the perception a person has on an object. This also decides what the person understands about the event or object when he encounters it. This would depend on the perception of the person. However, it can also be noted that such perceptions are normally ultra sensitive perceptions that seems more like things outside of the living earth. This would include even the Platonic Forms that are more a representation of the remote thoughts and actions that change the way work but are influenced by our 'perception' of the object or the subject and not on other factors (Morton 2002). Perception has been more refined now to mean only those that are realized through sensory perception and not anything else so that any other means of perception or avoided in the ways of knowledge. Therefore, it can be taken that perception today means only those information that are gathered using any of the sensory perceptions like seen, heard, felt, etc. Therefore, it now includes all that is read or heard through some one or from some thing to make the knowledge learnt through perception. This implies that learning is also a knowledge gathering exercise and education is one such process. However, perception or seeing is possibly the beginning of gathering information or knowledge. But as John Berger (1983)

Discovery and Meaningful Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Exams questions answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Exams questions answer - Assignment Example PEST is one of such mechanism that is used for the analysis of the macro environmental factors. Apart from this the internal analysis of the industry is also important to understand the profitability of the industry and factors impacting it (Graham, 2008). The study also focuses on Porter’s Five Forces analysis of the luxury car market of India. PEST Analysis PEST focuses on four important environmental factors that are to be scanned like political, economic, social and environmental. Each of these parameters are defined via this analysis and it influences the scope and activity of the organization. By having a broad view related to the categories that are studied under PEST the managers will be able to bring out innovative ideas and frame strategies that can fit into the situation most appropriately (Reddi, 2013; Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2009). Political The political factors signify the government rules and regulations that are framed and the company needs to work under that rules (Waters, 2006). The Indian automobile industry has been under the strict rules of the Indian government. In 1940 the assembly plant opened by the foreign manufacturers had been closed by the Indian government for not manufacturing car in India. The government even framed regulations regarding what type of car the manufacturers should design to protect themselves from the competition. During the period of 1950s and 1960s the industries along with the support from the government made significant effort towards the manufacturing the components to be supplied to the auto manufacturers. However, owning a car was considered luxury due to the restrictions from the government over granting licence and restricting both production and import that hampered the growth of the industry. The industry at that point of time was facing high sales tax, excise duties and custom duties on imports. In 1980s government policies and regulations were liberalised and further liberalization occurr ed in 1990s that allowed cars to be manufactured without licence but import restrictions remained intact. In the year 2002 new policy reforms were announced, which allowed 100% FDI in the automobile sector. In 2007 the sector emerged as a buoyant industry (Parmar and Thadamalla, 2008). Economic Until early 1980s the growth of the automobile sector was restricted. After that liberalization was initiated by the government. In 1990s economic liberalization took place that initiated growth in the sector. After the liberalization many players entered the Indian automobile market like Honda, Daewoo, Volkswagen, Toyota, Hyundai etc. Apart from the government regulations, availability of retail finance and low interest rate were the major reasons that lead to the development of the automobile industry. During the period of 2001-2006 the Indian automobile sector has shown a growth at CAGR of 18%. In 2006-07 India was at the fifth position in production of commercial vehicles. During the same period the production of passenger

Forensic Accounting Investigation Research Paper

Forensic Accounting Investigation - Research Paper Example 1). 1.2 Why is this issue? The purpose of using business intelligence in the organization is to identify and collect business data and to make better decision on various aspects of business including proper accounting practices. Business intelligence system will also help the business to make effective business decisions and the resultant financial gains besides facilitating business growth. Accurate information is nessaccery for taking efficient decision in the business. Business intelligence system would also help the business to get accurate and reliable data in the organization. â€Å"Business Intelligence Solutions (BIS) lead to better business decision making through providing access to enterprise data for easy analysis against Key Performance Indicators† (Business Intel n.d., para. 2). Many organizations have become subjects of fraudent practices due to the lack of proper forensic accounting systems focusing on business intelligence. The research will help highlight thi s issue and evolve ways and means to counter the same. 1.3 What could this research shed light on? There have been a number of researches conducted on this topic. However there is still scope for conducting further research because it will identify the significance of business intelligence in order to take efficient decisions in the business. More over, with the passage of time and the advancement in technology, various aspects of business and accounting keep transforming. Therefore, fresh research will help in addressing the changes that occur due to the evolution. Prompt and accurate decisions are essential for meeting the competition efficiently and effectively. This research will high light the importance of business intelligence system in the organization and how it will help in locating frauds and misappropriations for safeguarding the interests of the shareholders involved. â€Å"Business intelligence helps to improve customer service by identifying the frequent problems wit h each product and identifying potential solutions† (Sabherwal & Fernandez 2009, p. 17). 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives: Depending on the purpose of this research the main aim will be: To identify areas where business intelligence can be deployed to co ordinate accounting activities effectively and efficiently. To take prompt and accurate decisions in the business. To make a co ordination among various departments in the organization. 1.5 Research questions’ (1) How to make effective decisions? (2) How can delegate information among various department in organization? 1.6 Literature Review: For the purpose of this literature review, the analysis of the literature will begin by investigating from books, journals and scholarly articles. â€Å"The literature broadly refers to information relevant to your topic of interest† (Literature Review: Academic Tip Sheet 2008, p. 2). Business intelligen

Discovery and Meaningful Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discovery and Meaningful Learning - Essay Example The sessions of discovery learning incorporate three key ideas including problem solving, learner management, integrating and connecting (Harari & Legge, 2000, p. 20). Problem solving motivates learners to come up with solutions by generalizing knowledge and pull information together. Learner management allows participants, in small teams, or alone to learn at their own pace in their own ways. Integrating and connecting encourage new knowledge integration into the existing knowledge base of the learner, which helps in connecting to the real world. Meaningful Learning According to Harari and Legge (2000), meaningful learning means that learned knowledge, for instance, a fact becomes fully understood by a person and the person knows how the fact relates to the stored facts in the brain. It is expedient to contrast meaningful learning and rote learning, which is much less desirable, for us to understand the concept. Rote learning involves memorizing something with no full understanding, and one does not know how the relationship between the new information and the stored knowledge. For instance, let us say we learn five facts in a course during a term or a semester through rote learning. The five facts learned have a relationship in real life, but they are stored in memory as separate items. The brain stores the facts as distinct unrelated information that can be recalled individually when a student learns them through rote learning. When the student recalls one of the five facts, he, or she does not recall the other four facts at that moment. This means that when the student thinks of fact A, the thought does not lead him/her to think of fact B-E. We can illustrate this as follows. The facts learned seem to have no relationship between them at all, yet close examination reveals a relationship of the facts. Meaningful learning contrasts with rote learning in that what a student learns, even if they are different facts in a course, he/she can relate as the facts ha ve a relational manner in the storage memory. The brain stores the facts together since they have relationship (Harari & Legge, 2000, p. 37). When the student recalls one of the facts, he or she will also recall the other facts at the same time, or a short time afterwards. This means that recalling fact E, triggers the memory for the other facts, B and D, which in turn leads to the recalling of fact A and C. We refer to this phenomenon as spread of activation. This is what entails meaningful learning. A student who learns by meaningful learning can solve problems in an easier way than the one who learns by rote learning. Thus, we find the value of meaningful learning; a way of learning that relates facts helping one to solve problems related rather than treating problems differently, which have a relationship. The figure below shows how meaningful learning happens. Discovery learning makes sure that the brains of the learners become engaged during all learning times. Thus, this lear ning method, although it accelerates the process of education, it leads to higher retention levels than traditional approaches of learning. There are certain benefits of discovery learning including condensed training

Forensic Accounting Investigation Research Paper

Forensic Accounting Investigation - Research Paper Example 1). 1.2 Why is this issue? The purpose of using business intelligence in the organization is to identify and collect business data and to make better decision on various aspects of business including proper accounting practices. Business intelligence system will also help the business to make effective business decisions and the resultant financial gains besides facilitating business growth. Accurate information is nessaccery for taking efficient decision in the business. Business intelligence system would also help the business to get accurate and reliable data in the organization. â€Å"Business Intelligence Solutions (BIS) lead to better business decision making through providing access to enterprise data for easy analysis against Key Performance Indicators† (Business Intel n.d., para. 2). Many organizations have become subjects of fraudent practices due to the lack of proper forensic accounting systems focusing on business intelligence. The research will help highlight thi s issue and evolve ways and means to counter the same. 1.3 What could this research shed light on? There have been a number of researches conducted on this topic. However there is still scope for conducting further research because it will identify the significance of business intelligence in order to take efficient decisions in the business. More over, with the passage of time and the advancement in technology, various aspects of business and accounting keep transforming. Therefore, fresh research will help in addressing the changes that occur due to the evolution. Prompt and accurate decisions are essential for meeting the competition efficiently and effectively. This research will high light the importance of business intelligence system in the organization and how it will help in locating frauds and misappropriations for safeguarding the interests of the shareholders involved. â€Å"Business intelligence helps to improve customer service by identifying the frequent problems wit h each product and identifying potential solutions† (Sabherwal & Fernandez 2009, p. 17). 1.4 Research Aims and Objectives: Depending on the purpose of this research the main aim will be: To identify areas where business intelligence can be deployed to co ordinate accounting activities effectively and efficiently. To take prompt and accurate decisions in the business. To make a co ordination among various departments in the organization. 1.5 Research questions’ (1) How to make effective decisions? (2) How can delegate information among various department in organization? 1.6 Literature Review: For the purpose of this literature review, the analysis of the literature will begin by investigating from books, journals and scholarly articles. â€Å"The literature broadly refers to information relevant to your topic of interest† (Literature Review: Academic Tip Sheet 2008, p. 2). Business intelligen

Distribution Channel of Banas Dairy Essay Example for Free

Distribution Channel of Banas Dairy Essay The present study is conducted in the Banas Dairy sales area Genesis of Banas Dairy Late ShriGalbhabhai Patel established Banas Dairy with the dream of uplifting socio economic status of village farmers. This dream was fulfilled through the creation of a co-operative milk union for Banaskantha district, on the footprint of â€Å"Amul Dairy† of Kaira district, the ideal model of a Co-operative. Consequently eight village level co-operative milk societies in Vadgam and Palanpur taluk Ire registered and started collecting and pouring milk at DudhSagar Dairy, Mehsana from 3rd October 1966. The milk union got registered under Co-operative act on 31st January 1969 as Banaskantha District Co-operative milk producers’ Union Limited, popularly known as Banas Dairy. The foundation stone was laid by Late Galbabhai Nanjibhai Patel on 14th January 1971 at 122 acres land acquired near Jagana village in order to set up a dairy plant under the operation flood program launched by national Dairy development Board. On 7th May 1971’ the dairy started functioning at the same place with a capacity of 1. 5 lakh liters of milk per day. This has now been increased to 24. 3 lakh liters per day. The dairy has three automated plants with a wide 8-9 product lines. The small dream of Shri Galbabhai has now taken the shape of a co-operative of 1350 societies with around 15000 members. With the relentless efforts of dedicated and committed leadership, the dairy has won the trust of milk producers of Banaskantha district and has brought about a happy change in the lives of all its members. It has come up as a major revolution in the upliftment of the residents of the district. Mission and Vision Banas District Cooperative Milk Producers Union Ltd. was established with the prime objective of eliminating the monopoly of private traders and providing the poor farmers the due that they deserve. Along with this it also ensures that the farmers are benefited the maximum out of their operations and activities. The mission of the organization is to provide sustainable means of livelihood to socio-economically downtrodden rural mass, while treading on the path of progress. The organization renews its vision every ten years. It strives to be a successful world class co-operative dairy. The objectives of the organization are clearly expressed through the quality policy, which states that: â€Å"I, the Banas Dairy, commit and aspire to fulfil the needs and expectations of our internal as Ill as external customers and delight them through our quality products and services. I shall achieve the goal through the followings: a). Applying principles of Quality Management Systems and Food Safety Management for continuous enrichment of our management processes. ). Providing remunerating returns, quality input services, introducing innovative and appropriate schemes and services to our milk producers. c). Motivating and providing and encouraging appropriate training for skill up-gradation of our employees. d). Protecting our value system and the environment by judicious use of all natural resources. † India is an agri- oriented country of the world. 70% people are living in rural area so I can say Indian peo ple are living in village the majority of population. The dream of late Galbabhai Patel, founder chairman and the selfless sage to uplift socio- economical status of village farmers came true after creation of a co- operative milk union for banaskantha district, on the foot print of â€Å"Amul Dairy†of kaira presently Anand) district on the model of true co operative milk societies in Vadgam and palanpur taluzka of district Ire registered and started collecting and pouring milk at Dudh Sagar dairy, Mahesana from 10th march 1969.

The Successive Government Child Care Policies

The Successive Government Child Care Policies Successive governments have refined both legislation and policy, so that in general, the legislative framework for protecting children is basically sound. I conclude that the gap is not a matter of law but in its implementation. (Lord Laming, 2003, p. 7) The name social policy is used to apply to the policies which governments use for welfare and social protection and the ways in which welfare is developed.   Social work practice is not only about individual needs, it also considers social context. This social context includes the range of inter-professional agencies contributing to packages of care and protection, as well as the relationships between service users and their families, friends and communities. REF current UK social policy is the restructuring of public services in order to get them to achieve the goals of grater economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and closer links between the public sector and other providers of welfare. (2010, p.13) This essay will look at some of the key legislations and policies aimed to protect children from any type of maltreatment. Firstly, I will give a definition of child abuse and before discussing the question posed on this essay, I am going to outline some of the key legislations, policies and guidelines concerning child protection, as well as brief description on each. I will then go on to discuss some of the outlined legislations and policies and their impact on social work practice and also if they have been helpful in protecting children in the UK. Finally, the last part of this essay will be a conclusion on the arguments that have been unfolded on the essay. Child Abuse Prevention Report (2002), defines child abuse as constituting all forms of physical and emotional ill treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm in the childs health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power .?! England has a long history of child protection laws dating back to 1889 with the Childrens Charter. Since then, England has passed many laws and policies as a result of death inquires. Following the death of Dennis ONeill in 1946, the Curtis Committee was set up to examine the conditions of children deprived of a normal family life which later on resulted in the Children Act 1948 (Hill, 2003). The main principles of the Act included establishing Local Authority Childrens departments, promoting foster rather than residential care and where possible rehabilitating children back to their families (Hendrick, 2003) full ref. As a result of many other subsequent inquires carried out in the 70s and 80s, as well as a need for clearer guidance in laws relating to children, the Children Act 1989 (CA89) was implemented. Its fundamental principles were that it addressed the balance between child protection and family support services introducing the concept of a child in need, it also emphasised parental responsibility rather than focusing on parental rights. The Act introduced a range of new orders including here the; Child Assessment Order, Family Assistance Order, Specific Issue Order, Prohibited Steps Order, and Educational Order) as well as extended the circumstances in which Interim Orders could be made. (Jowitt OLoughlin, 2006).full Since the CA89, many new laws have been passed to strengthen the ways in which children are protected. Victoria Climbie aged eight, died from no less than 128 injuries, in February 2000. The subsequent inquiry into her death chaired by Lord Laming was the first inquiry to include all 3 key agencies, Local Authority, Health Services and the Police. The inquiry made over 100 recommendations for restructuring child protection services, largely focussing on the responsibilities of individuals and agencies to children and families, and on service co-ordination. The Governments response to the Laming Enquiry was almost immediate through the production of the green paper Every Child Matters, 2003 (ECM) which focused on four key themes. These included supporting families where a need is identified and early intervention in relation to child protection. In conjunction with ECM came the Children Act 2004 (CA04), the Act encompasses several components based on recommendations from the Laming Report (Allen, 2008) The reforms presented by the ECM agenda and CA04 aimed to improve multi-disciplinary working and integrated service delivery and increase accountability. I am in no doubt that effective support for children and families cannot be achieved by a single agency acting alone. It depends on a number of agencies working together. It is a multy- disciplinary task (para. 130) The Children Act 2004 however, does not introduce a range of new child protection powers, Bammer explains the CA04 as ..setting the foundations for good practice in the use of existing powers through a holistic integrated approach to child care (Bammer, 2010, p.182) CAF is one of the many changes introduced in the Children Act 2004 and plays a major part in improving services to children and families in line with the government Every Child Matters agenda. CAF will play a key role in improving outcomes for children and young people by ensuring services are timely and responsive and based on consistent assessment of their individual needs. Some of the benefits to children, young people and their families are: Assessments using CAF are de-stigmatising, as they look at the whole child and take account of family strengths as well as their needs. CAF assessments are undertaken in partnership with families, and enable them to take the lead in identifying needs. CAF assessments are shared, with consent, between agencies so families will no longer have to repeat their information again and again to different agencies and service providers. CAF assessments will support and enhance effective communication between agencies, enabling them to work together more effectively in order to meet the needs of children, young people and families. This is where the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) comes in. The CAF is being introduced in all LEAs between April 2006 and December 2008. You may be familiar with the process because your school may already be piloting it. We all want better lives for our young people and we know that some pupils dont thrive either in or out of school or get support until it is too late. The CAF will help identify them earlier, before things reach crisis point. The easiest and most consistent way to do this is to make sure that every person whose job involves working with young people is prepared and able to help if something is going wrong. The CAF is a tool that will help identify needs for all services, including health, social services, police and schools etc. The extend of the failure to protect Victoria was lamentable. Tragically, it required nothing more than basic good practice being put into operation. This never happened. Lord Laming (2003, para.1.17). Another key element of the ECM strategy is the introduction of the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) which was introduced by the CA04. CAF focuses on early intervention for children in need and although consent driven, can be initiated by any professional concerned about a child. A single lead professional would be nominated by the child or family and would be responsible for putting together a package of services to meet the childs needs. The lead professional would also decide whether concerns by other practitioners along with information gathered warranted intervention and would be responsible for the sharing of information between all persons involved on a need to know basis (Parton, 2006). CA04 reforms also implemented Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCB) as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦statutory successors of Area Child Protection Committees (ACPC), (Parton, 2006, p.159). LSCBs were set up in 2006, when strategy plans for children and young people were published. Some of the tasks that the LSCBs are required to perform include, agreeing how different organisations in their local area co-operate to safeguard and promote the welfare of children, provide single and inter-agency training and guidance for recruiting people applying to work with children, (Department of Health, 2006. Section 3.3). Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) were established under the Children Act 2004 and have the responsibility for co-ordinating and ensuring the effectiveness of the work of partner bodies to safeguard and promote the welfare of children (Children Act 2004, Section 14). Changes to the child protection register where also implemented following Every Child Matters. The child protection register was abolished in 2008 as a result any child previously included on the register is now known as A Child who is subject to a Child Protection Plan. Case conferences and Core Groups are still being held for children who are at continuing risk of significant harm, however, discussion are no longer in favour for or against registration, but if the child should remain subject to a Child protection Plan (Oldham LSCB, 2006 FULL). The plan should outline what needs to change, how this will be achieved and by who, with realistic timescales to implement changes and a contingency plan should this fail (DOH Working Together, 2006. Section 5). Further amending legislation such as the Children and Young Persons Act 2008 have been introduced and in the aftermath of the well-publicised Baby P case we may see more legislative activity. Discussion! Over the last forty years, reform after reform has been intended to improve the quality of the protection provided to children and young people and compensate for failures in practice. Many of these reforms were a response of evidences from numerous inspections and high-profile reviews into childrens deaths, (Apendix 1) Recently, the circumstances around the death of Baby Peter led to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. The Coalition Government has already endorsed the work of the SWRB has following the recommendations of the Social Work Task Force and within weeks of its formation the new Government has proceeded with further reforms including new statutory guidance on the publication of SCRs. The many changes have been most striking in relation to social work practice, an area where it can be argued there was most need for improvement. While in the 1970s there was relatively little guidance on dealing with child abuse and neglect, social workers now have a range of assessment and decision making tools, access to research evidence, and software programmes that shape, often in unintended ways, how a case is managed. The 1989 Children Act was described by the then Lord Chancellor as the most comprehensive and far reaching childcare law in living memory (Hendrick, H, 2003, Child welfare, pg 96.) It promoted the welfare of the child as being paramount. This meant it was the first piece of legislation that put children at the forefront of its agenda. According to Hendrick (2003) although rights for children had been advanced, it did not consult any children in the process of the forming of the Act and it is stemmed from Government authorities. The Children Act 2004 introduced a foundation for good practice, however, section 58 of this Act as it currently stands legitimises the use of physical punishment: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it has long been recognised by the law that a parent or person with parental authority may use reasonable punishment to correct a child. This is the defence of reasonable chastisement or reasonable punishment (CA 2004, s. 58, paragraph. 237). The FPI believes that giving people who are smaller and weaker fewer rights to protection in this regard is unacceptable. The argument that parents have a right in their own home to discipline their children as they choose, in other words that parents have proprietorial rights over children and a consequent right to hit them, recalls arguments that were once used in relation to husbands and wives. There is also an issue of discrimination in the use of visible marks as a measure of the acceptability of physical punishment. This will give less protection to babies and children whose skin is not white. Something about risk assessment and how we can not be sure that the child is fully protected as a result of this assessment. Disabilities on Act 1989à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. LCB Local Safeguarding Children Boards (LSCBs) are the current statutory mechanism through which the partners in local areas agree on ways to co-ordinate their safeguarding services. Their statutory functions include: developing and agreeing local safeguarding policies and procedures; providing training; making assessments about the impact and effectiveness of local safeguarding arrangements; and undertaking serious case and child death reviews. However the current coalition government is focusing the early intervention on the first years of a childs life pretending that this way they will assure that they are going to be brought up without abuse. Young teenages! initial assessment from 7d to 10d! In April 2008 the Public Law Outline (PLO), a new approach to case management, was introduced to reduce delay in care proceedings. It is too soon to be clear about the impact of the introduction of the PLO, and in particular whether or not it has increased workloads and added to delays in the process. There is currently conflicting evidence, for instance, whilst a number of contributions to this report raised concerns about the impact of the PLO, in London, the number of care proceedings cases being completed in under 40 weeks in care centres has risen from 22 per cent to 36 per cent when comparing the data for the quarter before the introduction of the PLO with the latest data following its implementation. Conclude Social policy is There are a collection of legislations, policies and guidelines that social workers must have knowledge of when practicing their profession. Lord Laming argues in his last report that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦further legislative change is not what is needed to protect children à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is vital that all professionals à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦fully understand the legislative framework in relation to safeguarding and child protection, and have a clear understanding of their responsibilities in the process (2009, p.78). A common theme throughout all is the desire to protect and promote the welfare and safety of children. A sad reality is that some children will always need the statutory services and intervention of local authorities and the courts as parents are not always able to make the changes required to safeguard their children. Every Child Matters is, in some ways, a refreshing and radical reform in the ways public services are expected to work with children, young people and families. On the other hand however, it also to some extent offers a sweeping vision about children and young peoples entitlements whilst delegating full accountability for the delivery of the services that enable children, young people and their parents/carers to local public services. What cannot be rejected however is the importance of the document to get agencies who work with groups of young people to develop more effective ways of working together and creating an arena of more accountability. In the construction of Every Child Matters as a favoured way of thinking, politicians and civil servants have aggressively projected individual collective and national anxieties and insecurities onto diverse, dynamic, complex and uncertain fields of practice where managers and practitioners work closely with many of Englands most vulnerable, troubled / troublesome children, young people and families. In conclusion, the social policies, legislation and organisational context of social work are important factors that go towards the whole process of social work. It is important to know the skills and knowledge in law and policy, but also to have the knowledge and skills in interpreting and applying social work law to practice and emphasising the role of law in promoting social work values and purpose. As stated within the essay, this is part of the challenge of social work, certain laws and policies conflict with other laws, including policies of multi-professional organisations, and where ethical issues come into place allowing the social worker to draw on knowledge and life experience, empowering the service user by using the skills knowledge and values, which will help in challenging inequality, oppression and discrimination. There is also the requirement of the GSCC framework that social workers must be able to work in accordance with statutory and legal requirements, and carry out their work with professional conduct within multi-professional organisations and to be accountable if they fail to do so. Baby peter and the cuts! Jonathan Dickens sees social work poised between the four points of a diamond its duties to the state, its obligations to service users, its responsibilities to its own professional standards, and its accountability to organisational imperatives (2010, p.11) The aim is to make it harder for people to do something wrong and easier for them to do it right. US Institute of Medicine (1999, p.2) Word Count: Bibliography References Allen, N. (2008) Making Sense of the Children Act 1989, 4th ed. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Corby, B. (2006) Child Abuse, Towards a Knowledge Base. Berkshire: Open University Press. Department of Health (DOH) (2006) Working Together To Safeguard Children, Every Child Matters, Change for Children. London: SO Every Child Matters (2006) [online] Available at: http://education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/CM5860.pdf [Accessed: 11/1/2011] Hendrck, H. (2003) Child Welfare, Historical Dimensions, Contemporary Debate. Bristol: Policy Press. Hill, M. (2003) Understanding Social Policy, 7th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Jowitt, M. OLoughlin, S. (2006) Social Work with Children Families. Exeter: Learning Matters. Laming, L. (2003) The Victoria Climbià © Inquiry. [online] Available at: http://www.sunderlandchildrenstrust.org.uk/content/laming%20report%20summary.pdf (Accessed: 11/1/2011) Parton, N. (2006) Safeguarding Childhood, Early Intervention and Surveillance in a Late Modern Society. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Walsh,M. Stephens,P. Moore,S. ((2000) Social Policy and Welfare. Cheltenham: Stanley Thorne Publishers. RSPCA (2008) [online] Available at: http://www.rspca.org.uk/servlet/Satellite?pagename=RSPCA/RSPCARedirectpg=about_the_rspca [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Children Act (1989), [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1989/41/contents [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Children Act (2004), [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/31/notes/contents?view=extent[Accessed: 11/01/2011] Lord Laming, The Protection of Children In England: A Progress Report, (2009), [online] Available at: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/resources-and-practice/IG00361/ [Accessed: 11/01/2011] US Institute of Medicine (1999), To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System, Washington D.C., National Academic Press, [online] Available at: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/ReportFiles/1999/To-Err-is-human/To Err is Human 1999 report brief.pdf [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Parton, N. (2010), The Increasing Complexity of Working Together to Safeguard Children in England The Munro Review of Child Protection Part One: A Systems Analysis, (2010) [online] Available at: http://www.education.gov.uk/munroreview/downloads/TheMunroReviewofChildProtection-Part one.pdf [Accessed: 11/01/2011] London Safeguarding Children Board Overview Panel Procedures, [online] Available at: http://www.londonscb.gov.uk/files/resources/cdop/overview_panel_procedure.pdf[Accessed: 11/01/2011] Working Together to Safeguard Children (2010), [online] Available at: http://www.education.gov.uk/publications//eOrderingDownload/00305-2010DOM-EN-v3.pdf [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Being a Parent in Real World, [online] Available at: http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/familyinformationdirect/downloads/BeingParentinRealWorldbkt.pdf [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Children are Unbeatable, [online] Available at: http://www.childrenareunbeatable.org.uk/pdfs/newsletters/CAU-Issue01.pdf[Accessed: 11/01/2011] Social Work Reform Board (SWRB) Serious Case Overview Report Relating to Peter Connelly (2009), [online] Available at: http://media.education.gov.uk/assets/files/pdf/s/second [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Nick Allen, 2005, Making Sense of the Children Act 1989 [online] Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fWx4kUsXbhUCpg=PR4dq=making+sense+of+the+Children+Act+1989+and+related+legislations+for+the+social+and+welfare+system+2005hl=enei=P4g5Td_YF8WwhQfk8MnJCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=4ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed: 11/01/2011] Dickens, J., 2009, Social work and social policy: an introduction, Taylor Francis, [online] Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UOcJ8B98Gl8Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=Social+work+and+social+policy:+an+introductionhl=enei=y0Q-TfTYB5Tw4gb0jPWNCgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed: 11/01/2011] DoH, Home Office, D of E, (2000) The Framework for Assessment for Children in Need and their Families [online] Available at: State Profession Service Users Organisation Figure 1.1 The social work diamond State: Social policy, social work and other social professions as parts of the machinery of state support and control. Key factors: Roles of central government and local authorities. National policies, legislations, taxation and government spending. Roles of the Parliament, courts, regulatory bodies. Overlaps and tensions between these different parts of the state. Political conflict about the proper role of the state. Profession Social policy, social work and other social professions as top-down, expert-led activities. Key factors: Professional: Professional attributes such as training and expertise, standards and skills, service ethics, self-regulation, But there are criticism of elitism, self-interest and status, and the disabling effects of professionals. Service users Social policy, social work and other social professions as bottom-up, user-led activities. Key factors: Roles of individuals, families and neighbourhoods; campaign groups and self-help groups. Concepts of participation, inclusion, empowerment, control. But there are tensions between different service users, and questions about how much power and choice they really have or should have. Organisation Social policy, social work and other social professions as activities that shaped by their organisational setting. Key factors: Type of organisation statutory (e.g. local authority), Voluntary or business. Inter-agency working. Processes for user involvement. Bureaucracy, regulation and managerialism. Budgets and profits. (Dickens, 2009 p.12-13)